Colorectal cancer is so uncommon. Why do we have to go looking for it? In case you missed it, here is the number to call: 1. As baby boomers approach their 70s and 80s, a significant increase in colorectal cancer is expected to occur. Colon cancer is preventable in nearly all cases through proper screening by removing polyps. Polyps may take five to ten years to become malignant.
Begin screening at age 50, then every 10 years thereafter unless you have risk factors for colorectal cancer. If a first-degree relative parent, sibling, child has colorectal cancer, you are at higher risk. So, why are these colonoscopies being carried out, and what could the result of the problems be? What is a Colonoscopy and why are they carried out?
What can go wrong with colonoscopy screening? What happens if they find something? Have You Been Affected? Contact Our Specialist Team.
Related posts. Latest News 12 Nov Latest News 08 Nov We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Built by scientists, for scientists. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Downloaded: Abstract This chapter discusses some of the major indications and contraindications for colonoscopy. Introduction In the s, Drs.
Lower gastrointestinal GI bleeding Lower GI bleeding may occur in the form of occult bleeding, melena, scant intermittent hematochezia, or severe hematochezia [ 3 ]. Indications for colonoscopy: 1. Lower GI bleeding 2. Screening and surveillance of colorectal polyps and cancers: a. Colon cancer b. Surveillance after polypectomy c. Colorectal cancer post-resection surveillance d.
Inflammatory bowel diseases 3. Acute and chronic diarrhea 4. Therapeutic indications for colonoscopy: a. Excision and ablation of lesions b. Treatment of lower GI bleeding c. Colonic decompression d. Dilation of colonic stenosis e. Foreign body removal 5. Miscellaneous indications: a. Abnormal radiological examinations b. Isolated unexplained abdominal pain c. Chronic constipation d. Preoperative and intraoperative localization of colonic lesions.
Table 1. Indications for colonoscopy. Screening and surveillance of colorectal polyps and cancers 2. CRC post-resection surveillance There are no clear survival benefits for performing colonoscopy in patients who have had colon cancer resection. Acute and chronic diarrhea Patients presenting with acute diarrhea should undergo initial evaluation with stool studies. Therapeutic indications for colonoscopy 2. Treatment of lower GI bleeding Treatment of acute lower GI bleeding from any sources described earlier is indicated either urgently or as an elective procedure.
Colonic decompression Acute colonic obstruction is a common presentation of colon cancer and, often, the presenting patient is in poor overall health making surgical intervention a suboptimal choice. Dilation of colonic stenosis Colonoscopic intervention of stenotic lesions such as anastomotic strictures and strictures caused by IBD are among the common indications for performing colonoscopy.
Foreign body removal The current management of the foreign bodies lying in the lower GI tract is based on the type of foreign body, the proximity to the anus, the injury to the adjacent structure, as well as the surgical and endoscopic expertise at the health care center. Miscellaneous indications 2. Abnormal radiological examination Colonoscopy is commonly performed after an abnormal or suspicious radiological finding in the search for true pathological lesions such as cancers or ulcerative lesions.
Chronic constipation Chronic constipation, as defined by the Rome III criteria [ ], is reported to be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer in retrospective studies from the United States [ , ], Australia [ ], and Japan [ ].
Preoperative and intraoperative localization of colonic lesions Colonic lesions, depending on the size and consistency, may pose some difficulty in localization by surgeons during the surgical procedure, and this could be even more difficult for laparoscopic surgeries than for open procedures. Contraindications for colonoscopy: 1. Patient refusal 2. Uncooperative patients 3. Inadequate sedation 4. Known or suspected colonic perforation 5.
Severe toxic megacolon and fulminant colitis 6. Clinically unstable patients 7. Recent myocardial infarction 8. Inadequate bowel preparation 9. Table 2. Contraindications for colonoscopy. More Print chapter. How to cite and reference Link to this chapter Copy to clipboard. Available from:. Over 21, IntechOpen readers like this topic Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers Suggest a book topic Books open for submissions. More statistics for editors and authors Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications.
Access personal reporting. More About Us. Indications for colonoscopy:. Lower GI bleeding. Lesions should be completely removed at polypectomy and attention given to appropriate surveillance. Abstract Colonoscopy is associated with a varying risk of missing colorectal cancer CRC. Publication types Review.
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