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A major artery of the abdomen, the superior mesenteric artery SMA is a primary source of blood from the heart for many organs of the midgut, all of which are associated with the digestive system.
Via its branches, it supplies important parts of the small intestine , including the lower portion of the duodenum the first part of the gastrointestinal tract just past the stomach , the jejunum , and the ileum,while also delivering blood to the ascending colon , transverse colon, and pancreas. Among the issues that can arise from the superior mesenteric artery are those related to decreased blood supply coming through the vessel. This can happen both suddenly acute mesenteric ischemia or progressively over time chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Other times the artery itself can exert mechanical pressure on a portion of the small intestine called the duodenum. This can lead to a range of dangerous symptoms, including sudden weight loss, nausea, abdominal pain, and others.
A non-paired artery, the SMA arises from the anterior forward-facing surface of the abdominal aorta as its second major branch at the level of the lower lumbar vertebrae L1. This takes it just behind the pylorus of the stomach the furthest part of the stomach connected to the duodenum , the neck of the pancreas, and splenic vein.
This being the case, the SMA runs to the front of the left renal vein which moves blood from the kidneys back to the heart. As with many parts of the circulatory system, a significant amount of people display variations in the anatomy of the SMA.
As noted, the primary task of the SMA is to supply important parts of the gastrointestinal tract. A number of conditions and diseases can affect the SMA affecting its ability to deliver oxygenated blood, and the resulting complications can be dangerous and even deadly. Similar is the case of nutcracker syndrome, in which the left renal vein between the aorta and the SMA, leading to increases in pressure in the left kidney.
Another common problem is superior mesenteric artery syndrome SMAS , which occurs when the duodenum is compressed by the abdominal aorta and the SMA, leading to blockages there. People with acute mesenteric ischemia often do poorly because parts of the intestine may die before surgery can be done. This can be fatal. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, acute mesenteric ischemia can be treated successfully.
Tissue death from lack of blood flow infarction in the intestines is the most serious complication of mesenteric artery ischemia. Surgery may be needed to remove the dead portion. Mesenteric vascular disease; Ischemic colitis; Ischemic bowel - mesenteric; Dead bowel - mesenteric; Dead gut - mesenteric; Atherosclerosis - mesenteric artery; Hardening of the arteries - mesenteric artery. Holscher CM, Reifsnyder T. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Current Surgical Therapy. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; Kahi CJ.
Vascular diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Mesenteric arterial disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical evaluation. Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. Updated by: Michael M. Editorial team. Mesenteric artery ischemia. Symptoms caused by gradual hardening of the mesenteric arteries include: Abdominal pain after eating Diarrhea Symptoms of sudden acute mesenteric artery ischemia due to a traveling blood clot include: Sudden severe abdominal pain or bloating Diarrhea Vomiting Fever Nausea.
Exams and Tests. If you have symptoms due to hardening of the mesenteric arteries, there are things you can do to control the problem: Stop smoking.
Smoking narrows the arteries. This decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen and increases the risk of forming clots thrombi and emboli. Make sure your blood pressure is under control. This is not the same as superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which involves the artery compressing the duodenum. The fatty build-up leading to atherosclerosis is not an issue with this artery as it is with other vessels in the body.
The lateral femoral circumflex artery supplies oxygenated blood to the anterior front and middle portions of the thigh muscles.
It typically…. The femoral vein is located in the upper thigh and pelvic region of the human body. It travels in close proximity to the femoral artery. This vein is…. The angular vein is a vein located between the top of the nose and the eye. It forms from a junction of the supratrochlear vein and the supraorbital….
The lateral circumflex femoral vein is located in the thigh and follows the path of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, one of the arteries of the….
The popliteal artery branches off from the femoral artery. It is located in the knee and the back of the leg. Its courses near the adductor canal and…. The inferior vena cava is also referred to as the posterior vena cava.
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