These are just some of the questions. If you notice, in the process of transforming the deep structure to surface structure, a lot of information has been deleted. This deleted information may not hold much value in a normal day to day conversation but during therapies or in other situations where specific details are important, this deleted information may hold a lot of value.
It is also important to remember that along with deletion, during the process of transformation from deep to surface structure, generalisation and distortion can also take place. The statement contains both generalisation Everyone — who? These are only some of the examples. We can divide these generalisations, deletions and distortions in subcategories and learn to ask the right questions to move from surface structure back to the deep structure.
As mentioned during the previous post, when a client narrates a problem, what they are trying to represent through their narration is the part of the map that contains the problem i. But they are using the surface structure to represent the same.
But alas that is not the case. Because of the nature of language, a particular deep structure can be represented by multiple surface structure sentences. Also a particular surface structure sentence can be used to represent multiple deep structures. Does the sentence represent a deep structure where:. This creates a scope of misunderstanding as the speaker may have used surface structure to represent deep structure 1 but the listener may have understood deep structure 2 because of ambiguity or lack of specific details.
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Download Now Download Download to read offline. Linguistic text. Akzharka Follow. Deep structure and surface structure. Generative linguistics. Fundamental concepts in linguistics. Seminar applied linguistics. Diachronic and synchronic parameters of philippine society and culture. Language Change Part 2: Labov Studies.
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Chinda Hakunamatata at Student. In transformational grammar, deep structures are generated by phrase-structure rules , and surface structures are derived from deep structures by a series of transformations. The terms deep structure and surface structure were popularized in the s and '70s by American linguist Noam Chomsky. In recent years, notes Geoffrey Finch, "the terminology has changed: 'Deep' and 'surface' structure have become 'D' and 'S' structure, principally because the original terms seemed to imply some sort of qualitative evaluation; 'deep' suggested 'profound,' whilst 'surface' was too close to 'superficial.
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